Patient Education

Preparing for Surgery, Recovery, and Life During Cancer Care

Practical Guidance to Help You Feel Informed, Prepared, and Supported

A cancer diagnosis brings important decisions and many questions. This Patient Education Center provides clear, practical information to help patients and families understand what to expect before surgery, during recovery, and throughout cancer treatment.

These materials complement the condition-specific information in Conditions and reflect the same multidisciplinary, evidence-based framework used in your care plan—integrating surgical strategy, systemic therapy sequencing, supportive care, and recovery planning within a coordinated oncology model.

If you are looking for a starting point, many patients begin with Pancreatic Cancer, Liver Cancer, or Bile Duct Cancer, and then return here for preparation and recovery guidance.

This page is organized in two sections: diagnosis-specific resources aligned with our Conditions pages, followed by practical guidance for preparing for surgery, recovery, and supportive care.

Core Cancer Education and Treatment Planning Resources

These independent organizations provide general education and support and are not a substitute for personalized medical advice.

Diagnosis-Specific Education and Support

  • These resources supplement the clinical overviews in the Pancreatic, Liver, and Biliary sections of Conditions and provide trusted, patient-focused education aligned with national guideline–based treatment frameworks.

    • Pancreas

      Pancreatic Cancer, Neuroendocrine Tumors, and Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms

      Pancreatic diseases often require integration of advanced imaging, molecular evaluation, and multidisciplinary treatment sequencing to determine the optimal timing of intervention. The resources below complement the Pancreatic Cancer, Neuroendocrine Tumors, and Pancreatic Cysts pages.

    • Liver

      Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

      These resources complement the Liver section of Conditions and reflect national guideline–based staging and treatment frameworks.

      • American Liver Foundation
        Education, advocacy, and support resources for patients with liver disease and primary liver cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma.
        🔗 https://liverfoundation.org

      • Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Staging System
        A widely used clinical staging and treatment framework for hepatocellular carcinoma that integrates tumor burden, liver function, and patient performance status.
        🔗 https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/stages

      • NCCN Patient Guidelines®: Liver Cancer (HCC & Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma)
        Plain-language, evidence-based recommendations outlining staging, liver function assessment, and multidisciplinary treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
        🔗 https://www.nccn.org/patients/guidelines/content/PDF/liver-hp-patient.pdf

    • Bile Duct & Gallbladder

      Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma, Distal Cholangiocarcinoma, and Gallbladder Cancer

      These resources complement the Bile Duct & Gallbladder section of Conditions and reflect national guideline–based staging and treatment frameworks.

  • Esophageal, Gastroesophageal Junction (GEJ), Gastric, GIST, and Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma

    These resources complement the clinical overviews provided in the Upper Gastrointestinal & Small Intestinal Cancers section of Conditions and reflect national guideline–based staging and treatment frameworks.

  • Colon Cancer, Rectal Cancer, Appendiceal Tumors, and Peritoneal Surface Malignancies

    These resources complement the clinical overviews provided in the Colorectal & Peritoneal Malignancies section of Conditions and reflect national guideline–based staging, multimodality treatment, and surgical planning frameworks.

  • Retroperitoneal Sarcoma and Adrenal Tumors

    These resources complement the clinical overviews provided in the Retroperitoneal & Adrenal Tumors section of Conditions and reflect national guideline–based staging, multidisciplinary evaluation, and operative planning frameworks.

Preparing for Surgery

How to Prepare for Cancer Surgery Safely and Confidently

Preparing for surgery is one of the most important steps in achieving a smooth recovery. These resources explain what happens before cancer surgery, how your body and health are optimized, and how to plan for a safe and comfortable experience at home and in the hospital.

  • Preparing for cancer surgery involves a coordinated plan developed by a team of specialists focused on delivering the safest and most effective treatment for you.

    A Team-Based Treatment Plan

    Your care is guided by a multidisciplinary cancer team. Depending on your diagnosis, this may include:

    • Surgical oncologists

    • Medical oncologists

    • Radiation oncologists

    • Radiologists and pathologists

    • Gastroenterologists or other specialists

    • Oncology nurse navigators

    • Genetic specialists

    • Clinical trials coordinators

    • Nutrition, rehabilitation, and mental health specialists

    Many patients’ cases are reviewed at a tumor board, where experts ensure your treatment plan follows national standards such as National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines.

    Advanced, Evidence-Based Care

    Your plan may include:

    • Minimally invasive or robotic surgery

    • Advanced imaging to guide surgery

    • Precision pathology and molecular testing

    • Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiation when appropriate

    Every recommendation is tailored to your cancer type, overall health, and treatment goals.

    Your Oncology Nurse Navigator

    An oncology nurse navigator may help coordinate your care by:

    • Scheduling appointments and tests

    • Explaining next steps

    • Connecting you with supportive services

    • Serving as a point of contact for questions

    A Time to Ask Questions

    Before surgery, make sure you understand:

    • The goals of treatment

    • Details of the operation

    • Risks and expected benefits

    • Recovery milestones and next steps

  • Preparing for cancer surgery includes making sure your body is optimized for a safe operation and recovery.

    Heart Evaluation

    Testing may be recommended if you have heart disease, symptoms like chest pain or shortness of breath, diabetes, kidney disease, or limited exercise tolerance.

    Lung Evaluation

    Patients with COPD, heavy smoking history, sleep apnea, or breathing symptoms may need additional evaluation.

    Special Considerations for Older Adults

    Patients over 65–70 may benefit from screening for frailty, nutrition, medication safety, and cognitive risk. Geriatric specialists may be involved when appropriate.

    Chronic Medical Conditions

    Your team may help optimize diabetes, blood pressure, kidney function, anemia, and other conditions before surgery.

    Blood Thinners

    If you take medications that affect clotting, your team will provide a personalized plan to safely adjust them.

  • Some medications increase bleeding risk or interact with anesthesia. Always follow your care team’s instructions.

    Common Categories

    • Blood thinners (warfarin, apixaban, rivaroxaban, clopidogrel, aspirin)

    • Diabetes medications (insulin adjustments or temporary holds)

    • Certain blood pressure medications

    • Steroids or immune-modulating drugs

    • Herbal supplements (fish oil, vitamin E, garlic, ginkgo, turmeric, St. John’s Wort)

    Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy are carefully timed around surgery.

  • Prehabilitation focuses on strengthening your body and mind before surgery.

    Nutrition Optimization

    • Increase protein and calorie intake

    • Support immune function and healing

    • Prepare for temporary changes in eating

    Physical Conditioning

    • Walking or light aerobic activity

    • Strength and balance exercises

    • Breathing exercises

    Mental Health and Stress Resilience

    • Counseling or coping strategies

    • Sleep and stress management support

    Smoking Cessation

    Stopping smoking reduces lung complications and infections.

  • Some colorectal and intestinal surgeries require bowel cleansing. Follow instructions carefully to reduce infection risk.

    What You Need to Purchase

    • Dulcolax tablets — 4 tablets

    • Miralax powder — one 238-gram bottle

    • Gatorade — one 64-ounce bottle (regular, not sugar-free)

    Medication Precautions Before Surgery

    • Do not take aspirin, ibuprofen, or NSAIDs (for example Advil/Motrin) for 1 week before surgery unless your surgeon instructs otherwise.

    • Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is usually safe unless you are told otherwise.

    • If you take blood thinners, steroids, or diabetes medications, contact your team for specific instructions.

    The Day Before Surgery

    Diet

    • Clear liquids all day starting at breakfast. Examples include: clear broth, Jell-O (no fruit), coffee/tea (no milk), apple juice or white grape juice (no pulp).

    • Avoid dairy and juices with pulp.

    • No solid food after 1:00 PM.

    Bowel Prep

    • 3:00 PM: Take 4 Dulcolax tablets

    • 5:00 PM: Mix the entire bottle of Miralax into the 64 oz Gatorade. Shake until dissolved. Drink 8 oz every 15 minutes until finished.

    • Continue clear liquids until bedtime as desired.

    Antibiotics (prescribed)

    • Metronidazole (Flagyl) 500 mg: 9:00 PM and 11:00 PM

    • Ciprofloxacin 500 mg: 9:00 PM

    The Day of Surgery

    • 2.5–3 hours before surgery: Drink 16 oz (2 cups) apple juice

    • Stop all liquids 2 hours before your scheduled surgery time

    • Take approved medications with a small sip of water as instructed

    Questions: Contact the office at (650) 652-8787. After hours, call the surgeon on call at the same number.

  • Cancer surgery often involves a hospital stay followed by a period of recovery at home. Planning ahead can make this transition smoother and reduce stress for you and your family.

    What to Expect With Your Hospital Stay

    Most patients stay in the hospital for several days, depending on the operation and individual needs. During your stay you can expect:

    • Frequent check-ins from nurses and your surgical team

    • Coordination with other specialists as needed

    • Discharge planning that begins early to support a safe return home

    Some patients spend the first night in the ICU or surgical ICU after complex operations. This is often planned in advance and does not necessarily mean something is wrong.

    What to Bring

    • A current medication list (or photos of medication bottles)

    • Insurance card and ID

    • Loose-fitting clothes to wear home

    • Stable slip-on shoes

    • Phone and charger

    • Glasses or hearing aids (with cases)

    • Small toiletry kit

    Leave valuables at home whenever possible.

    Transportation and Support Planning

    After surgery, you will need:

    • A responsible adult to drive you home (patients cannot drive themselves)

    • Someone to help with prescriptions, meals, and basic daily tasks during the first days at home

    If you live alone or have limited support, please tell us in advance. Our team can help coordinate resources when appropriate.

    Preparing Your Home

    Making small changes before surgery can make recovery easier:

    • Stock easy-to-prepare meals and groceries

    • Move frequently used items to waist height

    • Prepare a comfortable rest area

    • Clear walkways to reduce fall risk

    • If you have stairs, consider setting up a main-floor living space for the first few days

    Time Away From Work and Responsibilities

    Recovery time varies depending on the type of surgery and your overall health. Before surgery, consider planning for:

    • Time away from work

    • Help with errands, childcare, or caregiving responsibilities

    • Coverage for tasks you normally manage at home

    Many patients need medical leave paperwork, disability forms, or employer documentation. Our office staff is experienced with these forms and is happy to help coordinate and complete paperwork ahead of time whenever possible. Let us know early if you anticipate needing documentation so we can support you.

  • Before surgery, you will receive a Pre-Admission Testing (PAT) phone call from a nurse or member of the anesthesia team. This call is an important step in preparing for a safe and smooth day-of-surgery experience.

    The goal of this call is not to overwhelm you, but to make sure everything is clearly organized and that you know exactly what to expect.

    What the Call Covers

    Medication Review
    The nurse will review your medications, including prescriptions, over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, supplements, and herbal products. You will receive clear instructions about:

    • Which medications to stop before surgery

    • Which medications to take the morning of surgery with a small sip of water

    Fasting (NPO) Instructions
    You will be told exactly when to stop eating and drinking. These instructions are very important for anesthesia safety. If fasting guidelines are not followed, surgery may need to be delayed.

    Medical and Anesthesia History
    The team will review your medical history, prior anesthesia experiences, allergies, and conditions such as sleep apnea, diabetes, heart disease, or lung problems.

    Logistics and Arrival Time
    You will receive clear information about:

    • Your arrival time (often earlier than the surgery start time)

    • Where to check in at the hospital

    • What happens when you arrive

    Safety and Preparation Instructions
    You may receive simple reminders such as:

    • Showering with antiseptic soap

    • Avoiding jewelry, lotions, makeup, and nail polish

    • Bringing a medication list and important medical information

    • Arranging for a responsible adult to drive you home (if same-day discharge is planned)

    A Chance to Ask Questions

    This call is also your opportunity to ask practical questions about the day of surgery. The PAT team is there to help make the process feel clear and manageable.

  • Arrival and Check-In

    Vitals checked, IV placed, identity and procedure confirmed.

    Meeting Your Care Team

    Surgeon and anesthesia team review the plan and answer final questions.

    Safety Checks

    Routine verification of procedure, allergies, and key medical details.

    After Surgery

    Recovery begins in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) before you are moved to your hospital room. Some patients receive close monitoring in a higher-level recovery unit after more complex operations. This is often planned in advance to provide extra support during the first night and does not necessarily mean something is wrong.

    Keeping You and Your Family Informed

    Your team provides updates, notifies family when surgery is complete, and explains next steps.

Recovery After Surgery

What to Expect as You Heal After Cancer Surgery

Recovery after abdominal and cancer surgery is a gradual process. It is normal for your energy level, appetite, digestion, and daily routine to feel different at first. Every patient and every operation is unique, and your surgical team will provide instructions tailored to your specific procedure.

The information below outlines common experiences and general recovery milestones.

  • Some discomfort after surgery is expected, but pain should be manageable. Our goal is to keep you comfortable while supporting healing, mobility, and clear thinking.

    We use a multimodal pain management approach, which means combining several different types of pain-control strategies that work in different ways. This approach helps reduce — and in some cases eliminate — the need for narcotic (opioid) medications.

    Your care plan may include:

    • Non-narcotic pain relievers such as acetaminophen and anti-inflammatory medications when appropriate

    • Long-acting local anesthetics placed during surgery to numb the surgical area

    • Nerve blocks in selected procedures

    • Muscle relaxants or nerve-calming medications when helpful

    Opioid medications may still be used for short periods if needed, but the goal is to use the lowest effective amount and transition off them as soon as possible.

    As you heal, pain should steadily improve. Let your team know if pain is not controlled, worsening, or interfering with breathing, walking, or sleep.

  • Early movement is one of the most important parts of recovery and plays a key role in preventing complications and rebuilding strength.

    Walking

    • Helps prevent blood clots and pneumonia

    • Improves bowel function

    • Supports overall healing

    Most patients are encouraged to walk several times per day, starting in the hospital.

    You will not be expected to do this alone. Nurses and physical therapists are available to help you get out of bed safely, walk in the hallway, and build confidence with movement after surgery.

    Lifting

    • Avoid heavy lifting (often more than 10–15 pounds) for several weeks

    • Your surgeon will give specific timelines based on your operation

    A physical therapist may also teach you how to move, sit, stand, and get in and out of bed in ways that protect your incision and reduce strain.

    Balancing Activity and Rest

    Fatigue is common after major surgery. Balance activity with rest and gradually increase your endurance. Gentle, regular movement each day helps your body recover more efficiently.

  • Your incisions are typically closed with dissolvable sutures placed under the skin and covered with a protective layer of surgical skin glue. There are usually no external stitches to remove.

    It is normal to notice:

    • Mild redness along the incision edges

    • Swelling or firmness beneath the incision

    • Tenderness, mild bruising, or a pulling sensation

    The skin glue acts like a protective seal and should be left in place. It will gradually flake off on its own over 1–2 weeks. Do not pick at, peel, or scrub the area.

    Showering

    You may shower 24 hours after surgery unless you are told otherwise. Let water run gently over the incision and pat the area dry. Avoid soaking in baths, hot tubs, or pools until your surgeon says it is safe.

    Activity and Clothing Tips

    • Wear loose, comfortable clothing that does not rub against the incision

    • Support your abdomen with a pillow when coughing or moving if it feels sore

    • Avoid applying lotions, creams, or ointments to the incision unless instructed

    Call Your Care Team If You Notice:

    • Increasing redness spreading away from the incision

    • Warmth, swelling, or worsening pain around the incision

    • Drainage that is cloudy, foul-smelling, or pus-like

    • Fever over 101°F

    • Separation or opening of the incision

    Most incisions heal without difficulty. If you are unsure whether something looks normal, it is always okay to call and ask.

  • It is common to feel full quickly or notice changes in appetite, digestion, or taste early in recovery. Your digestive system needs time to adjust after surgery, and these changes usually improve gradually.

    Helpful Strategies

    • Eat small, frequent meals (about 5–6 per day)

    • Chew well and eat slowly

    • Focus on protein-rich foods to support healing

    • Stay well hydrated between meals

    You may temporarily notice bloating, increased gas, or changes in bowel habits as your body adapts. Walking and staying hydrated can help.

    Your surgical team will provide specific diet instructions based on your procedure, especially after operations involving the stomach, pancreas, liver, or intestines.

    If you have persistent nausea, vomiting, difficulty eating, or unintentional weight loss, let your care team know.

  • Changes in bowel habits are common after abdominal surgery.

    You may experience:

    • Constipation (especially with pain medication)

    • Bloating or gas

    • Loose stools as digestion adjusts

    To help:

    • Stay hydrated

    • Walk regularly

    • Follow your recommended diet

    • Use stool softeners or laxatives if advised

    Call if you have severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, or no bowel movement for several days despite treatment.

  • Many patients have surgical drains placed at the time of surgery. Drains help remove fluid that collects inside the body after an operation and allow your care team to monitor healing. Some drains are removed before you leave the hospital, while others remain in place for a short time at home.

    What a Drain Does

    A drain is a small tube placed near the surgical area to remove fluid such as blood, lymphatic fluid, or digestive secretions. This helps reduce swelling and lowers the risk of infection or fluid buildup.

    How to Care for Your Drain

    You will be shown how to care for your drain before leaving the hospital. General guidelines include:

    • Keep the drain site clean and dry
    • Wash your hands before and after touching the drain
    • Secure the drain bulb to your clothing so it does not pull or tug
    • Empty the drain as instructed, usually 1–3 times per day

    Measuring and Recording Output

    You may be asked to track how much fluid drains each day.

    • Empty the bulb into a measuring cup
    • Record the amount, color, and consistency
    • Bring this log to your follow-up appointment

    Drain output often changes from red → pink → yellow over time. This gradual change is usually normal.

    When to Call Your Care Team About the Drain

    Contact your surgical team if you notice:

    • A sudden increase in drainage amount
    • Thick, cloudy, or foul-smelling fluid
    • Bright red blood filling the bulb quickly
    • Redness, warmth, or swelling around the drain site
    • Fever or increasing pain

    Your drain will be removed in clinic once output decreases to a safe level and your team confirms healing is progressing well.

  • An abdominal binder is a wide elastic support garment that wraps around your abdomen. Not all patients need one, but it may be recommended after certain abdominal surgeries.

    Why a Binder May Help

    An abdominal binder can:

    • Provide gentle support to your incision
    • Reduce discomfort with movement or coughing
    • Help you feel more secure when walking
    • Remind you to avoid sudden twisting or strain

    It does not replace surgical healing, but it can improve comfort during early recovery.

    How to Wear It

    • Wear the binder snug but not tight — you should be able to breathe comfortably
    • Position it so it supports your incision area
    • It can be worn during the day, especially when walking or upright
    • It is usually not necessary while sleeping unless instructed

    When to Remove or Adjust

    Remove the binder and contact your team if you notice:

    • Increased pain when wearing it
    • Skin irritation, rash, or pressure sores
    • Numbness or tingling around the abdomen

    Most patients use a binder for comfort during the first few weeks and gradually stop as soreness improves.

  • Fatigue is one of the most common parts of recovery after major surgery. Your body is using significant energy to heal tissues, fight inflammation, and regain strength.

    You may notice:

    • Needing more sleep than usual

    • Lower stamina for daily activities

    • Feeling tired after small tasks

    • Energy that fluctuates from day to day

    It is common to have “good days” and “low-energy days” during recovery. This does not usually mean something is wrong — it reflects your body’s healing process.

    What Helps

    • Gentle daily walking to gradually rebuild endurance

    • Short periods of activity followed by rest

    • Good nutrition and hydration

    • Listening to your body and avoiding overexertion

    Energy levels typically improve steadily over several weeks, though full recovery from major surgery can take longer. If fatigue is severe, worsening, or associated with symptoms like shortness of breath, dizziness, or fever, contact your care team.

  • Recovery after cancer surgery involves both physical and emotional healing. It is common to experience a range of feelings, which may change from day to day.

    You might notice:

    • Relief that surgery is complete

    • Anxiety about results or next steps

    • Feeling overwhelmed during early recovery

    • Frustration about temporary limitations

    These reactions are a normal part of recovering from a major health event.

    Support from family and friends can help, and many patients find it beneficial to connect or reconnect with a mental health professional who has experience supporting people facing cancer and medical treatment.

    For more information about coping strategies, counseling, and specialized emotional support, please see the Mental Health During Cancer Treatment section below.

  • Call promptly if you have:

    • Fever (especially >101°F)

    • Worsening abdominal or chest pain

    • Increasing redness, swelling, or drainage from the incision

    • Persistent nausea or vomiting

    • Inability to keep liquids down

    • Shortness of breath or chest pain

    • New leg swelling or pain

    If you are unsure whether something is normal, it is always okay to call.

Procedure-Specific Recovery Guides

Typical Recovery Milestones for Common Cancer Operations

Every operation and every patient are unique, and recovery timelines can vary. The guides below describe typical recovery milestones, common body changes, and longer-term considerations after major cancer surgeries.

These resources are designed to complement — not replace — the general Recovery After Surgery information above. Your surgical team will provide instructions tailored to your specific procedure and health needs.

If something feels unexpected or concerning, it is always appropriate to contact your care team.

  • In the Hospital

    • Stay is usually 4–5 days

    • Some patients receive close monitoring in a higher-level recovery unit the first night

    • Temporary surgical drains are common

    • Blood sugar may be monitored closely

    At Home

    • Some patients go home with a drain temporarily

    • Appetite is often reduced at first; smaller, frequent meals are usually better tolerated

    • Report greasy stools, ongoing weight loss, fever, worsening pain, or poor oral intake

    Long-Term Considerations

    • Most patients take acid-reducing medication

    • A small number may require insulin

    • Pancreatic enzyme supplements may be needed if fat digestion is difficult

  • In the Hospital

    • Stay is usually 3–4 days

    • One surgical drain is common

    • Blood sugar is monitored

    At Home

    • A drain may remain temporarily

    • Report greasy stools or unintended weight loss

    Long-Term Considerations

    • Vaccinations are important after spleen removal to prevent infections

    • Fever should always be reported promptly

  • In the Hospital

    • Stay is usually 3–4 days

    • Some patients receive close monitoring the first night after more complex procedures

    • Blood tests are checked frequently to monitor liver recovery

    At Home

    • Fatigue is common as the liver regenerates

    • Follow-up lab tests monitor liver function

    Long-Term Considerations

    • The liver has the ability to regrow over time

    • Good nutrition and follow-up care support recovery

  • In the Hospital

    • Stay is usually 4–5 days

    • Close monitoring is common the first night

    • Feeding tubes or drains may be present

    • A swallowing study may be required before starting food

    At Home

    • Small, frequent meals are essential

    • Sitting upright after meals helps reduce reflux

    • Report trouble swallowing, regurgitation, fever, or worsening pain

    Long-Term Considerations

    • Acid-reducing medication is often needed long term

    • Some patients experience reflux or “dumping” symptoms

  • In the Hospital

    • Stay is usually 4–5 days

    • A swallowing study may be required before eating

    • Diet advances slowly with close monitoring

    At Home

    • Small, frequent meals are required

    • Vitamin supplementation begins

    Long-Term Considerations

    • Lifelong vitamin and nutrition monitoring is necessary

    • Dumping symptoms may occur and usually improve with diet adjustments

  • In the Hospital

    • Stay is usually 2–4 days

    • Some patients may have a temporary ostomy

    At Home

    • Bowel habits may be irregular early

    • Mild bloating or changes in stool consistency are common

    Long-Term Considerations

    • Bowel patterns typically improve over time

    • Diet and fiber guidance help regulate digestion

    • Ostomy education and support are provided when needed

Nutrition and Strength During Cancer Treatment

Supporting Healing, Energy, and Recovery Through Nutrition

Maintaining good nutrition supports healing, energy, strength, and immune function. Cancer and its treatments can increase nutritional needs even when appetite is low. This section explains how nutrition supports recovery before and after surgery and during cancer treatment.

  • Protein and adequate calories are essential for wound healing, immune function, and rebuilding strength after surgery.

    Helpful Strategies

    • Eat small, frequent meals

    • Choose protein-rich foods such as eggs, dairy, fish, poultry, beans, tofu, and protein drinks

    • Add nutrient-dense calories like nut butters, olive oil, avocado, and smoothies

    Even small increases in protein and calories can make a meaningful difference in recovery.

  • Some cancers — especially esophageal and certain stomach cancers — can make it difficult to eat enough by mouth due to trouble swallowing, early fullness, or weight loss during treatment.

    When patients cannot meet their nutritional needs with food alone, temporary nutrition support may be recommended before surgery. This can include:

    • High-calorie liquid nutrition supplements

    • Feeding tubes (such as a jejunostomy tube) that deliver nutrition directly into the intestine

    Tube feeding before surgery does not mean something has gone wrong. It is often a proactive step to:

    • Prevent further weight and muscle loss

    • Improve strength and energy

    • Support immune function

    • Reduce complications and improve recovery after surgery

    For many patients, this support is temporary and can be reduced or stopped once swallowing improves after treatment or surgery.

    Your care team — including your surgeon, oncologist, and oncology dietitian — will work together to determine the safest and most effective nutrition plan.

  • After pancreatic surgery, some patients have difficulty digesting fats and absorbing nutrients.

    Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) can help:

    • Reduce bloating and gas

    • Improve diarrhea or oily stools

    • Support weight maintenance and nutrient absorption

    Report greasy stools, persistent diarrhea, bloating after meals, or unintended weight loss — these may be signs that enzyme support could help.

  • Cancer and its treatments can affect appetite and digestion. Many patients find it easier to eat when focusing on:

    • Eating small amounts more often

    • Choosing high-calorie, high-protein snacks

    • Using smoothies or nutrition drinks when solid food is less appealing

    • Eating at times of day when appetite is best

    Staying hydrated is also important, especially if appetite is low.

  • Oncology dietitians specialize in helping patients maintain strength during cancer treatment. They can:

    • Create personalized nutrition plans

    • Help manage side effects that affect eating (nausea, taste changes, early fullness)

    • Support weight maintenance and muscle preservation

    • Adjust nutrition strategies as treatment changes

    Nutrition needs often change over time. Ongoing guidance can make recovery and treatment more manageable.

Mental Health During Cancer Treatment

Emotional Support and Coping During Cancer Care

Emotional health is an important part of healing. Cancer treatment can bring stress, uncertainty, and changes in daily life. Support is available — and asking for help is a proactive step in whole-person cancer care.

  • Feeling nervous before surgery is very common. Many patients find that having practical tools helps them feel more steady and prepared.

    Helpful tools include:

    • Guided relaxation or breathing exercises

    • Writing down questions for your care team

    • Keeping a consistent sleep routine

    • Support from family, friends, or professionals

    Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) techniques can also help ease pre-surgery anxiety. CBT teaches you to notice fearful “what if” thoughts, look at the facts, and replace them with more realistic, balanced perspectives. Pairing these mindset tools with calming breathing or grounding exercises can help both your body and mind feel more settled.

    Connecting with a mental health professional can help you learn and practice these skills.

  • Cancer treatment can feel physically and emotionally demanding. Simple, evidence-based strategies can help support resilience:

    • Staying connected to supportive people

    • Mindfulness or meditation practices

    • Gentle movement such as walking or stretching

    • Keeping a simple, structured daily routine

    Small, consistent habits can help create a sense of stability during an unpredictable time.

  • Caregivers often experience their own stress, worry, and exhaustion while supporting a loved one with cancer. Emotional support for caregivers is just as important.

    Counseling, support groups, and respite resources can help caregivers stay supported and reduce burnout during treatment.

  • Cancer affects emotional health as much as physical health. This section focuses specifically on licensed mental health professionals and structured psycho-oncology services, which are different from peer support groups or general cancer education programs listed elsewhere on this page.

    Therapists with experience in cancer care can help with:

    • Anxiety and depression

    • Fear of recurrence

    • Adjusting to body changes or treatment effects

    • Communication challenges with loved ones

    • Coping with uncertainty, identity changes, and life disruption

    Seeking professional support is not a sign that something is wrong — it is a proactive step many patients and families take to support emotional well-being during treatment.

  • Vera Nova Therapy
    Counseling for individuals, couples, and families navigating cancer, serious illness, and caregiver stress, with a focus on medical life transitions.
    🔗 https://www.veranovatherapy.com/

    Cancer Support Community
    A national nonprofit offering free support groups, individual and family counseling, education, and programs for people living with cancer and their loved ones.
    🔗 https://cancersupport.net

    UCSF Patient and Family Cancer Support Center
    Provides access to oncology social workers, wellness programs, support groups, community connections, and structured emotional support integrated with cancer care.
    🔗 https://www.ucsfhealth.org/services/patient-and-family-cancer-support-center

    Stanford Cancer Supportive Care Program
    Supportive oncology and palliative care services offering counseling, coping support, and emotional care alongside medical treatment.
    🔗 https://stanfordhealthcare.org/for-patients-visitors/cancer-supportive-care-program.html

    Bay Area Caregiver Resource Center
    Provides counseling referrals and emotional support resources specifically for family caregivers managing serious illness.
    🔗 https://cancer.ucsf.edu/support/csc/for-caregivers

    Family Caregiver Alliance (FCA) – National nonprofit focused on improving the quality of life for caregivers and the people they support.
    🔗 https://www.caregiver.org

Support Services and National Organizations

Trusted Resources for Education, Support, Navigation, and Assistance

The organizations below provide education, financial guidance, transportation assistance, emotional support, survivorship resources, and more for patients and families navigating cancer care.

  • American Cancer Society
    Nationwide cancer education, peer support programs, transportation assistance, and lodging resources for patients and caregivers.
    🔗 https://www.cancer.org

    Cancer Support Community
    Free support groups, counseling, educational workshops, and stress-reduction programs for people affected by cancer.
    🔗 https://cancersupport.net

    CancerCare
    Free professional counseling, support groups, financial assistance programs, and educational materials for patients and caregivers.
    🔗 https://www.cancercare.org

  • National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Patient Guidelines
    Plain-language treatment guidelines developed by leading cancer centers to help patients understand care options.
    🔗 https://www.nccn.org/patientresources/patient-resources/guidelines-for-patients

  • American Cancer Society – Road To Recovery
    Provides free rides to cancer treatment appointments for eligible patients who need transportation assistance.
    🔗 https://www.cancer.org/treatment/support-programs-and-services/road-to-recovery.html

    American Cancer Society – Hope Lodge
    Offers free lodging near major cancer centers for patients and caregivers traveling far from home for treatment.
    🔗 https://www.cancer.org/support-programs-and-services/patient-lodging/hope-lodge.html

    Joe’s House
    Helps patients and families find discounted lodging near treatment centers across the United States.
    🔗 https://www.joeshouse.org

  • Cancer Financial Assistance Coalition (CFAC)
    Connects patients with organizations that provide financial help for treatment-related costs such as transportation, medications, and living expenses.
    🔗 http://www.cancerfac.org

    Patient Advocate Foundation
    Case managers help patients navigate insurance denials, disability applications, and financial hardship related to medical care.
    🔗 https://www.patientadvocate.org

  • NeedyMeds
    Information on programs that help cover the cost of medications and treatment expenses.
    🔗 https://www.needymeds.org

    PAN Foundation
    Financial assistance for out-of-pocket medication costs for eligible patients.
    🔗 https://www.panfoundation.org

  • Stupid Cancer
    Support, community, and resources for adolescents and young adults affected by cancer.
    🔗 https://stupidcancer.org

    CancerCare (Caregiver Programs)
    Specialized counseling and support programs for caregivers and family members.
    🔗 https://www.cancercare.org

  • Livestrong Foundation
    Survivorship planning, fertility information, and practical resources for life after cancer treatment.
    🔗 https://www.livestrong.org

    National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship (NCCS)
    Advocacy and education focused on long-term survivorship and quality of life.
    🔗 https://canceradvocacy.org

  • EmergingMed
    Helps patients understand and identify clinical trials that may be appropriate for their condition.
    🔗 https://www.emergingmed.com

    For the national clinical trial registry, see ClinicalTrials.gov (listed in the Cancer Overview section above).

  • Your care team or oncology nurse navigator can also help connect you with local resources. In addition, the following community-based organizations offer support in the Bay Area:

    Cancer Support Community San Francisco Bay Area
    Free support groups, short-term counseling, educational workshops, nutrition and exercise classes, and family programs.
    🔗 https://bayarea.cancersupportcommunity.org

    Bay Area Cancer Connections
    Support services for individuals affected by breast and ovarian cancer, including classes, groups, and wellness resources.
    🔗 https://www.bayareacancerconnections.org

    Cancer CAREpoint
    Personalized counseling, support groups, mind–body programs, and survivorship services for patients and caregivers.
    🔗 https://www.cancercarepoint.org

    Bay Area Young Survivors (BAYS)
    Community for people age 45 and younger with breast cancer, offering peer support and education.
    🔗 https://www.bayareayoungsurvivors.org

    Círculo de Vida Cancer Support and Resource Center
    Spanish-language support programs, translation services, and resources for patients and families affected by cancer.
    🔗 https://www.cdvsupport.org